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You re well aware of the ALTER SESSION command and how you can use it to set or change several important parameters at the session level. You re also familiar with the allocation of privileges to users through the use of roles. Suppose, however, that you need to grant a role or issue an ALTER SESSION command from within a PL/SQL program unit. The DBMS_SESSION package is ideal for situations where normal DDL commands won t work. The package helps control the sessionspecific parameters, hence the name DBMS_SESSION. Listing 24-4 shows the components of the DBMS_SESSION package. Listing 24-4. The DBMS_SESSION Package SQL> DESC DBMS_SESSION Argument Name --------------------------------PROCEDURE FREE_UNUSED_USER_MEMORY PROCEDURE SET_CLOSE_ CACHED_OPEN_CURSORS CLOSE_CURSORS PROCEDURE SET_CONTEXT NAMESPACE ATTRIBUTE VALUE USERNAME CLIENT_ID PROCEDURE SET_ROLE ROLE_CMD PROCEDURE SET_SQL_TRACE SQL_TRACE PROCEDURE SWITCH_CURRENT _CONSUMER_GROUP NEW_CONSUMER_GROUP OLD_CONSUMER_GROUP INITIAL_GROUP_ON_ERROR SQL> Type ------In/Out Default ------ --------

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"etime") proc_age=`echo $pid_string | awk '{print $3}'` fields=`echo $proc_age | awk -F: '{print NF}'` proc_age_min=`echo $proc_age | awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}'`

In the following sections you ll look closely at some of the important procedures of the DBMS_SESSION package.

The SET_ROLE procedure enables you to set a role for a user from within a PL/SQL module. You can either grant or revoke a role using this procedure. Here s an example of the use of this procedure: SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_SESSION.SET_ROLE('dba'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

You can use the SET_SQL_TRACE procedure to trace a user s current session. The procedure accepts the Boolean values of TRUE and FALSE. Developers must first be granted the execute privilege on the DBMS_SESSION package. The developers can incorporate the SET_SQL_TRACE procedure anytime they want to debug their code or assess its performance. The output of the trace file is sent to the directory (usually the udump directory) specified in the init.ora parameter file. Listing 24-5 illustrates the use of this procedure. Listing 24-5. Using the SET_SQL_TRACE Procedure SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE delete_employee(name VARCHAR2) 2 AS 3 BEGIN 4 dbms_SESSION.SET_SQL_TRACE(TRUE); 5 delete from employees 6 where last_name=name; 7 DBMS_SESSION.SET_SQL_TRACE(FALSE); 8 END; 9 / Procedure created. SQL> execute delete_employee('Zlotsky'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL>

The SWITCH_CURRENT_CONSUMER_GROUP procedure takes three parameters the new group, the old group, and a parameter in case of an error and enables the user to switch the resource group. You can use this procedure while running large jobs, for example, so the new group can give you access to more resources. The syntax of the procedure is as follows: SQL> EXEC DBMS_SESSION.SWITCH_CURRENT_CONSUMER_GROUP( new_consumer_group IN VARCHAR2, old_consumer_group OUT VARCHAR2, initial_group_on_error IN BOOLEAN); SQL> For example, you can switch yourself to a new group, sales, from your current group, admin, by using the following statement: SQL> DECLARE admin VARCHAR2(30)); BEGIN EXEC DBMS_SESSION.SWITCH_CURRENT_CONSUMER_GROUP('sales', 'admin' false); END; SQL>

Once again, you convert the age of the process to values that will then be used to calculate the age in minutes.

Oracle provides the DBMS_SYSTEM package, which you can use to manipulate other user sessions, gather event information, and so on. It s similar in some respects to the DBMS_SESSION package, but you can use the DBMS_SYSTEM package to modify any session s behavior. For example, you can use this package if you want to set tracing on for a user from a different session. Thus, you can trace a developer s session from your session.

Import functions table for mscoree.dll: 5A _CorExeMain For the application compiled with /clr:pure, the dumpbin output shows only one dependency: Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 8.00.50727.42 Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

The DBMS_SYSTEM package is fairly well known, but it s an undocumented package. You won t find referTip ences to it in the manuals. Oracle doesn t support the use of this package, and you use it at your own risk. Not to worry the most useful procedures of this package work just fine all the time.